1. Basic Information on Dementia Medications (Donepezil, Memantine, etc.)
▶ Donepezil (Aricept)
- Purpose: Helps slow decline in memory, thinking, and daily functioning
- How it works: Increases the level of acetylcholine, a chemical important for memory and learning
- How to take: Usually once daily, often in the evening
- What to expect: Does not cure dementia, but may help slow symptom progression
▶ Memantine (Namenda)
- Purpose: Used for moderate to severe dementia to improve cognition and behavior
- How it works: Protects brain cells from excessive stimulation
- How to take: Once or twice daily, as prescribed
- Note: Often used together with Donepezil
⚠️ Important: Dementia medications must be taken consistently. Stopping them suddenly without medical advice may worsen symptoms.
2. What to Do When the Patient Refuses Medication
Patients with dementia may refuse medications due to fear, confusion, or lack of understanding.
✔ Helpful Strategies
- ❌ Avoid arguing or forcing the medication
- ⭕ Use simple and positive language
- Example: “This medicine will help you feel more comfortable today”
- ⭕ Offer choices
- Example: “Would you like to take it with water or juice?”
- ⭕ Keep medication times consistent every day
- ⭕ Use favorite foods only if the medication can be safely crushed or mixed (check first)
❌ What to Avoid
- Forcing the medication
- Scolding or showing frustration
- Lying or hiding medication without guidance (may reduce trust)
3. How to Recognize Medication Side Effects Early
▶ Common Side Effects of Donepezil
- Nausea or vomiting
- Decreased appetite
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- Sleep problems or vivid dreams
▶ Common Side Effects of Memantine
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Constipation
- Increased confusion
🚨 Call the Nurse or Doctor Immediately If You Notice:
- Sudden change in mental status
- Increased confusion, agitation, or hallucinations
- Persistent vomiting or diarrhea
- Falls or unsteady walking
- Any behavior that is very different from usual
📌 Tip: Pay close attention during the first 1–2 weeks after starting or changing a medication.
4. Caregiver Medication Safety Checklist
- ☐ Know the name and purpose of each medication
- ☐ Give medications at the correct time and dose
- ☐ Observe and document side effects
- ☐ Do NOT stop medications without medical approval
- ☐ Communicate regularly with the nurse or doctor
📞 When to Ask for Help
If you have questions about medications or notice concerning symptoms, contact your nurse or physician right away.
This education material is designed to support safe and effective medication management for patients with dementia and their caregivers.
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